Pinpoint
Muscles/Head

Head

genioglossus

jee-nee-oh-GLAH-sus

Fan-shaped tongue muscle from chin to tongue base, genioglossus protrudes and depresses tongue. Vital for swallowing, speech, and breathing in fitness vocal training.

Open in 3D Viewer

Common Pain & Injury

Tongue/jaw pain, swallowing issues. Rare strain. ENT for persistent.

Anatomy & Function

Origin

Superior genial tubercle of mandible (chin bump inside jaw)

Insertion

Hyoid bone and dorsum of tongue (tongue body and undersurface)

Actions

  • Tongue protrusion (stick out)
  • Tongue depression (flatten)
  • Speech/swallow

Innervation

Hypoglossal nerve

Muscle Relationships

Antagonists

HyoglossusStyloglossus

Synergists

GeniohyoidMylohyoid

Trigger Points

Tongue base, refers to throat, jaw, ear.

Stretches

1Tongue protrusion stretch
2Mewing exercises
3Jaw hinge stretch

Common Conditions

Tongue tie (ankyloglossia)Hypoglossal nerve palsy

Anatomical Parts

Left genioglossusRight genioglossus

FAQ

Genioglossus function

Protrudes tongue for eating, speaking, breathing.

Genioglossus pain

From clenching; tongue exercises relieve.

Exercises for genioglossus

8

Also Works genioglossus

1

Related Head Muscles

inferior oblique
Inferior oblique is an eye muscle under the eyeball, rotating it up and out. Matters for gaze stability in dynamic sports; strains rare but affect tracking.
levator palpebrae superioris
The levator palpebrae superioris is a small muscle located above the eye within the orbit that elevates the upper eyelid. It plays a crucial role in opening the eyes for clear vision during workouts and daily activities. Fitness enthusiasts care about it because eyelid fatigue or weakness can impair focus during intense training sessions.
levator veli palatini
This small muscle in the side of the throat lifts the soft palate during swallowing and speech. It helps seal off the nasal cavity for proper voice resonance and prevents food from entering the nose. Relevant for singers or those doing breathwork in fitness to maintain clear airways.
superior oblique
The superior oblique is an extrinsic eye muscle originating near the nose, passing through a pulley to depress and intort the eyeball. It controls downward/outward gaze. Fitness note: eye stability aids visual tracking in sports.
Tendon of right levator palpebrae superioris
The tendon of the right levator palpebrae superioris attaches the muscle to the eyelid, elevating the upper lid for vision. Specific to right eye. Aids blink-free focus in precision sports.
Trochlea of left superior oblique
The trochlea is a cartilage pulley at the medial eye socket for the left superior oblique muscle tendon. It redirects the tendon to enable eye intorsion, depression, and abduction. Critical for coordinated eye movements, though not a muscle itself.
Trochlea of right superior oblique
The trochlea is a cartilage pulley at the medial orbit for the right superior oblique muscle tendon. It enables precise eye intorsion, depression, and abduction. Key for binocular vision coordination.
Uvular muscle
The uvular muscle elevates the uvula (soft palate dangler) during swallowing and speech. Aids gag reflex and velopharyngeal closure. Minor role in fitness but key for swallowing.

Head Pain Guide

Common causes and relief

Activities & Sports

See which activities use genioglossus

Pinpoint·Interactive 3D Anatomy & Exercise Guide